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Wind erosion in southeast Moravia
Němcová, Kateřina ; Hyánková, Eva (referee) ; Kameníčková, Ivana (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is about wind erosion in southeast Moravia. The theoretical part of the thesis summarizes the problems about erosion and her division. Next, there is described wind erosion, its causes, assessment of erodability and safety measures. In the practical part is inspected effect of low temperatures on breakdown of soil aggregates of heavy soils collected from experimental areas. Breakdown of soil aggregates is simulated by freeze-thawing and freeze-drying process. For examined soil samples is determined proneness to wind erosion by boundary of erodability.
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Větrná eroze v krajinném kontextu střední Evropy
Tomášová, Gabriela
This presented bachelor‘s thesis deals with a determination of a granular composition of a extracted fraction from fields by the laser granulometry method and a comparison of results obtained from the pipetting method and a known eolithic sediment. In the first part of this thesis, basic problems of the wind erosion are mentioned as in the world as in the territory of the Czech Republic and Slovakia, counter-measures and methods of measurement. 8 samples from autumn 2017 and 8 samples from spring 2018 were compared from South Moravian and Trnava region with potential occurrence of wind erosion. In the comparison, differences were found between source (rising) and basic fractions. In the conclusion, a comparison of the individual fractions with the reference samples was performed.
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Faktor vegetačního krytu v kontextu efektivní protierozní ochrany zemědělské půdy
Jovanović, Ivana
Aim of this diploma thesis was to study the protective effect of vegetation from the point of view of the two most common types of erosion in the Czech Republic, water and wind. The theoretical part of the thesis is focused on the degradation processes occurring in the soil, the threat of agricultural land by water and wind erosion, with a focus on wind erosion. Based on the analysis of data from the selected stations, changes in phenological occurrence of selected crops, sugar beet and corn were examined. The issue of changing climate and its influence on the course of wind erosion was characterized. On the other hand, soil erosion control was described based on the rules of GAEC (Good Agricultural and Environmental Conditions) where critical periods of growth of field crops are limited. In the practical part, the Mann-Kendall test was performed; based on this test changes in the onset of phenological phases and agrotechnical operations were found. Furthermore, the areas which are most endangered by wind erosion (Tvrdonice, district Břeclav) were defined, where based on the identification of critical periods field measurements were performed with deflameter and monitoring of erosion occurrence. Subsequently, qualitative parameters of soil particles were found on the basis of the spectral analysis of the deflametric record in the period of dangerous erosion episodes.
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Stanovení erodovatelné frakce půdy různými metodami
Čechal, Vladimír
Wind erosion is one of the mail reasons of soil degradation. The amount of wind erodible fraction (EF) is the key parameter regarding wind erosion susceptibility of the soils. As the EF of the soil is considered percentage of aggregates < 0, 84 mm in diameter. Dry sieving with use of rotator or flat sieves is the standard method for EF estimation The main aim of this study is comparison of standardized flat sieving method against the use of equations for predicting EF. The first of these equations, EF = 29,09 + (0,31.sand) + (0,17.silt) + (0,33.sand/clay) - (2,59.ogranic matter) – (0,95.CaCO3), was proposed by D. W. Fryrear in 1994. But it has not been tested outside of USA, Spain and Argentina, so far. Another equations used here, EF = 9,98 + 6,91.(sand/clay) + (14,1/organic matter) a EF = 4,77 + 7,43 (sand/clay) + (27,6/ organic matter), were proposed by M. V. López in 2007 during his research of EF. The results show that the values obtained by calculating these equations do not match the EF obtained by means of a flat sieving. With the use of the statistical program Unistat the new equations have been proposed, EF = 84,94 - (0,03.sand) - (1,36.clay) + (1,90.Corg) + (43,14.CaCO3), EF = 84,77 - (0,02.sand) - (1,34.clay) + (0,95.humus) + (42,71.CaCO3) and EF = 21,25 + (0,52.silt) + (7,63.sand/clay) + (0,41.humus) – (7,44.CaCO3), for the determination of EF in the surveyed soil samples.
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Problémy současného rozvoje vesnických sídel a možnosti jejich řešení
Kuklová, Alexandra
The thesis deals with the current state of the countryside. Especially the issues related to agricultural landscapes and their shortcomings and other related issues. Literature search, in addition to the general description of the contemporary countryside, its condition and functions, the literature search is also dedicated to the countryside of the South Moravian Region, which is then related to the selected model object Tvrdonice, which is located in this region. Literature search also seeks to outline the above-mentioned issues of agricultural landscapes and to focus on possible solutions. One of the main problems is the perception of wind erosion and the poor and dysfunctional condition of many existing windbreaks. That is why a part of the proposals focusing on the gradual renewal of existing windbreaks and proposing their new network are also addressed. The design section is also dedicated to wetland, mainly to exploit landscape potential and increase the ecological stability of the area and to support biodiversity.
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Zhodnocení regulačních nástrojů ochrany zemědělského půdního fondu =: Evaluation of regulátory tools for agricultural land protection /
Vaníčková, Marta
The work is a contribution to clarification of the currently valid and employed protective arrangements at pursuing the civil service in the field of protection of the agricultural land resources and further at adapting these regulatory tools to the contemporary condition, having in mind new methodology and procedures. It concerns comparison of the usual regulatory tools of the soil protection in the administrative district of the municipal corporation of the Municipal Office of Rosice, South Moravian Region, with scientific and research results, and it concerns also evaluation of a possible usability of the research results for the activity of the authority for the protection of the land resources. To draw comparison between the actual condition and the research condition, those characteristics were used that are part of the systematic and legislative regulations for the soil protection. In case of the quality of ecological soil units, comparison was carried out at two levels - at a level of the climatic zones and at a level of the principal soil units. In the soil protection against water erosion, a comparison was carried out between the actual and the up-to-date factor value of erosive rainfall effectiveness that affects the intensity of the erosive process. In terms of soil protection against the wind erosion, the comparison of the recently used methodology of potential soil endangerment with the new one was carried out. Differences between the actual and research conditions were found out with all compared characteristics at the pursued area. Findings of the new research knowledge inform the administration authority about continuing processes in the soil and about changes of the soil properties and as well confirm repercussions of the climatic change and the change in the landscape utilization. Along with the modern knowledge of territory classification and soil processes, a distinctive shift will take place in practicing preventive measures concerning agricultural land and protection of the agricultural land resources.
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Wind erosion in southeast Moravia
Němcová, Kateřina ; Hyánková, Eva (referee) ; Kameníčková, Ivana (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is about wind erosion in southeast Moravia. The theoretical part of the thesis summarizes the problems about erosion and her division. Next, there is described wind erosion, its causes, assessment of erodability and safety measures. In the practical part is inspected effect of low temperatures on breakdown of soil aggregates of heavy soils collected from experimental areas. Breakdown of soil aggregates is simulated by freeze-thawing and freeze-drying process. For examined soil samples is determined proneness to wind erosion by boundary of erodability.
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Research of windbreaks in a chosen cadastral area from the point of view of woody plants species´ representation and their health condition
Knoblochová, Martina ; Janeček, Miloslav (advisor) ; David, David (referee)
This thesis evaluates the current state of selected wind breaking types, looking at their species composition, condition and functionality.
One of the most efficient precaution against wind erosion are wind breaking swathes of woodland, windbreakers. These woodlands protect adjoining land against wind erosion of topsoil, blowing away snow cover as well as lowering water evaporation. The right position in the landscape, species composition and a good state are important for windbreakers to fulfil the above mentioned function. In the Czech Republic, 29% of farmland is badly affected by wind erosion. The most affected areas are situated in the South Moravian region. For the purpose of this dissertation work, two areas were chosen. Both of them are situated in the district of Znojmo, where the highest level of wind erosion is found. Area 1 lies in the districts of Břežany, Čejkovice and Božice. Area 2 lies in the districts of Velký Karlov, Hrádek and Křídlůvky. In order to investigate suitability of current windbreakers, the state of potential natural vegetation, climate, geological, paedological and hydrological conditions will be investigated in both of these areas.
For the assessment of the effect of windbreakers, methodology after Podhrázská (2008) was used. This methodology allows assessment of these trees as individual linear elements, but also as a part of a network of these elements. The assessed criteria will be, for example: position in the landscape, species composition, age, functional type, height, width and the number of rows. Furthermore, horizontal and vertical parameters will also be investigated. For the evaluation of the functionality of the network of elements, it is also crucial to look at the tree orientation, their position in relation to the terrain and the direction of the wind. Moreover, the distance between individual woodlands also plays a significant role. The effect of windbreakers on the landscape will be further assessed using classification system after Kolařík (2005).
Over the course of this project, 22 windbreakers were selected for evaluating their functionality and a proposal for their re-establishment in the future was suggested.
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Ochrana a organizace povodí v Tvarožné Lhotě
Kučerová, Svatava
The bacher thesis has summarized the findings of water and wind erosion . Interests location was the village Tvarožná Lhota, which was analyzed in the current state of land use. There has also determined the vulnerability of land to water erosion for long-term loss of land and in the event of heavy rains. To calculate long-term loss method has used the method of drainage lines and calculation in ArcGIS. For the calculation of soil loss from heavy rains has used the method CN- curve.
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